Satellite techniques for determining the geopotential for sea-surface elevations

Spaceborne altimetry with measurement accuracies of a few centimeters which has the potential to determine sea surface elevations necessary to compute accurate three-dimensonal geostrophic currents from traditional hydrographic observation is discussed. The limitation in this approach is the uncertainties in knowledge of the global and ocean geopotentials which produce satellite and height uncertainties about an order of magnitude larger than the goal of about 10 cm. The quantative effects of geopotential uncertainties on processing altimetry data are described. Potential near term improvements, not requiring additional spacecraft, are discussed. Even though there is substantial improvements at the longer wavelengths, the oceanographic goal will be achieved. The geopotential research mission (GRM) is described which should produce goepotential models that are capable of defining the ocean geid to 10 cm and near-Earth satellite position. The state of the art and the potential of spaceborne gravimetry is described as an alternative approach to improve our knowledge of the geopotential

Meeting Mode Effects On Quality And Effectiveness With Clients And Sales Teams Utilizing Consumer Idealized Design

This dissertation examined the meeting mode effects on quality and effectiveness with clients and sales teams utilizing a systems approach called Consumer Idealized Design. A mixed method of research model was deployed with qualitative Consumer Idealized Design meetings between two groups, a sales team consisting of 20 people and clients consisting of 19 people. Quantitative data analysis showed that the clients perceived higher meeting quality and effectiveness when meeting virtually versus face-to-face. The sales team perceived higher meeting quality when meeting face-to-face but increased effectiveness when the meeting was done virtually. When applying a system method utilizing the Consumer Idealized Design process to design the ideal meeting mode, both the sales teams and client teams designed a hybrid meeting model that included face-to-face and virtual meetings as the most effective and highest quality meeting mode. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed

Attitude stabilization of spacecraft with geomagnetic rate damping

Attitude stabilization of spacecraft with geomagnetic rate dampin

Teenagers, archaeology and the Higher Education Field Academy 2005–11

The University of Cambridge Higher Education Field Academy (HEFA) (www.access.arch.cam. ac.uk/schools/hefa) involves teenagers in new archaeological excavations within English rural settlements. While the research aim is to reconstruct the development of today’s villages, hamlets and small towns, the social aim is to raise the educational aspirations of state-educated 13–15-year-olds and instil skills which will help them fulfil those ambitions. HEFA began in 2005, when it was funded by Aimhigher, itself set up in 2003 to increase the number of young people from lower socioeconomic groups and disadvantaged backgrounds attending university. HEFA was supported by English Heritage between 2009 and 2011. HEFA’s track record since 2005 has enabled it to weather policy U-turns and deep funding cuts, deliveringmore than 12,000 learning days to c 4,000 young people interested in subjects ranging from accountancy to zoology. Rigorous monitoring shows that more than 90% of HEFA participants rate it good or excellent and that after completing HEFA, 80% feel more positive about post-16 education, 85% have developed new skills and more than 90% plan to attend university, a rise of 25-60%

The GEOS-3 orbit determination investigation

The nature and improvement in satellite orbit determination when precise altimetric height data are used in combination with conventional tracking data was determined. A digital orbit determination program was developed that could singly or jointly use laser ranging, C-band ranging, Doppler range difference, and altimetric height data. Two intervals were selected and used in a preliminary evaluation of the altimeter data. With the data available, it was possible to determine the semimajor axis and eccentricity to within several kilometers, in addition to determining an altimeter height bias. When used jointly with a limited amount of either C-band or laser range data, it was shown that altimeter data can improve the orbit solution

GEOS-3 ocean geoid investigation

A determination of the fine scale sea surface topography in the GEOS-3 calibration area using the radar altimeter data is presented. Estimates of the north-south and east-west components of the deflections of the vertical as well as values of the geoidal heights were made. Three major stages of processing were used in obtaining the final results. The first two use pass processors; in the final stage, the processor combines all the pass results to compute the final results. The results obtained compare favorably with gravimetrically determined geoids for this calibration area

Use of Thermoregulatory Models to Enhance Space Shuttle and Space Station operations and Review of Human Thermoregulatory Control

Thermoregulation in the space environment is critical for survival, especially in off- nominal operations. In such cases, mathematical models of thermoregulation are frequently employed to evaluate safety-of-flight issues in various human mission scenarious. In this study, the 225-node Wissler model and the 41-Node Metabolic Man model are employed to evaluate the effects of such a scenario. Metabolic loads on astronauts wearing the advanced crew escape suit (ACES) and liquid cooled ventilation garment (LCVG) are imposed on astronauts exposed to elevated cabin temperatures resulting from a systems failure. The study indicates that the performance of the ACES/LCVG cooling system is marginal. Increases in workload and or cabin temperature above nominal will increase rectal temperature, stored heat load, heart rate, and sweating, which could lead to deficits in the performance of cognitive and motor tasks. This is of concern as the ACES/LCVG is employed during Shuttle decent when the likelihood of a safe landing may be compromised. The study indicates that the most effective mitigation strategy would be to decrease the LCVG inlet temperature

Microdosimetry simulations of solar protons within a spacecraft

The microdosimetric spectra derived by silicon microdosimeter in a proton radiation field traversing heterogeneous structures were simulated using the GEANT4 toolkit